Not sure about Vic?
in NSW, you have to book in a Learners Course over the phone to the RTA (or in person at an RTA, pay the fee etc),
then attend the course which is run over two days, usually Sat/Sun, for approx. 4hrs each day.
If you pass this course, you receive a certificate of competency which you then take back to the RTA, where you must then pass a Computer Knowledge Test (same as the car L's test, but with bike questions as well), once you have passed this, then you pay the license fee, and pick up your L plates.
You can then ride a LAM (Learner Approved Motorcycle) on your own, you are restricted to 80kmph top speed, and you are NOT allowed to carry a pillion passenger.
The LAM motorcycles are based on a power to weight ratio, which limits your choice of bike(to weak as piss bikes but still loads of fun)
You have to stay on your L's for 6 month's minimum if you are under 30, or don't hold a current unrestricted driver's license(I think??)then you can apply to go for your P's.
That is a 1 full day course which you supply your own bike, once you pass this you can go straight to the RTA and pay the license fee and pick up your P plates which last for 1 year, upon which you will receive a license renewal form to go and pay for your blacks(full license).
When on your P's you are restricted still to the LAM bikes, but can travel at a top speed of 90kmph, but still no pillions.
I'd be interested to hear if this is different in Victoria? and also if it has changed in NSW (It's been about 7 years since i got my bike license)
Go for it, you'll love it, Cars Suck