I've been there & fixed that. I believe you need to take a step backward..........
This is such a shitty problem & I agree that it makes you NOT want to ride
I had this issue with my 2011 Merida 120 about 12mths ago & started the thread: ‘Vibrating Rear Brake, Merida 120, NSW’.
From my extensive research, I agree with ^dave that it’s “a resonance issue between the frame and rotor”. To fix, you need to somehow alter the resonant frequency of the frame.
With so many changes & no positive result, I believe you need to take a backward step by going ‘back to the lab for testing’ to see if it’s actually possible to get rid of this problem.
This might sound silly & your neighbours may think you are weirder that you actually are, but this helped me a great deal (psychologically too)………..
Riding barefoot on the street put your left foot as close as possible to the middle of rear triangle BEFORE applying brake. Now apply brake to see if it vibrates. Repeat……….but place your foot in different positions on the rear triangle (including on calliper) & try different pressure with your foot. There should be some position/pressure that will cause brakes NOT to vibrate. Make sure you write this position down so you can repeat in front of other people (mechanics).
Similar to above, apply brakes to cause vibration THEN put your foot on rear triangle (different positions/pressures) to see if it stops. From memory this did not work too well for me. Step above (foot before brake) was what stopped the problem 100%.
Maybe try pouring water on calliper before braking to see if that brings any joy.
At some point during this testing it’s ok to scream joyfully as loudly as you can, once you find the ‘sweet spot’ with your foot. The hard part will be to determine a fix that doesn’t require your left bare foot to be duck taped to rear triangle for ever.
Fortunately for me, it was an easy fix (replaced standard deore brakes with SLX) & problem NEVER returned. My next step would have been to try a solid rotor.
I’m happy to discuss on the phone. PM me if you like.
Cheers
Daisy