Who else aside from the auto makes and oil companies is coming up with transport solutions. I remember years ago someone asked me about Nikolai (that flopped truck) I said the numbers look shit and unbelievable. Since then who else is on the scene that has a low emissions transport solution, genuinely curious.
In the long run aerospace will likely go biofuels, cars EV, but for long haul and mass transit, I can't see batteries being economical. Sure they might just absorb the costs i nthe name of the environemnt and eventually pass that onto the consumers.
Automakers were forced into it, partially by mandates but mostly by Tesla. I should qualify automakers as "laggard legacy automakers" as being H2 curious. The exception there being Hyundai - but like Japan there are some complex geopolitical reasons being that to do with their respective governments - which are in turn like Germany heavily influenced by their automakers... TLDR, its messy.
Anyway, aerospace will no go biofuels long term, nothing will. There isn't enough biomass, especially if you're needing to feed people and/or retain a healthy biosphere. No, where liquid fuels are a must (aerospace and aviation) it will need to be synthetic hydrocarbons via DAC and H2.
As for trucks, battery electric will be a game changer. It totally works and the operational costs in particular will ensure their bulk adoption.
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